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“水錘(chui)效應”（Water hammer effect ) 

是指當(dang)打開的(de)閥門突(tu)然關閉(bi)，由于壓(yā)力水流(liu)的慣性(xìng)，産生水(shuǐ)流沖擊(jī)波，并産(chan)生破壞(huai)作用，這(zhè)就是水(shuǐ)利學當(dang)中的“水錘(chui)效應”，也就(jiu)是正水(shuǐ)錘。

It refers to that when the open valve is suddenly closed, due to the inertia of pressure water flow, water flow shock wave is generated and destructive effect is generated. This is the "water hammer effect" in hydraulics, that is, positive water hammer.

相反，關(guān)閉的閥(fá)門在突(tū)然打開(kai)後，也會(huì)産生水(shui)錘，叫負(fu)水💁錘，也(yě)有一定(dìng)的破壞(huai)力，但沒(méi)有前者(zhě)大。

On the contrary, after the closed valve is suddenly opened, it will also produce a water hammer, called negative water hammer, which also has a certain destructive force, but it is not as big as the former.

水錘效(xiao)應就好(hǎo)像是追(zhui)尾，最前(qian)面的車(chē)突然停(ting)車了，為(wei)後面的(de)車✂️未及(ji)時發現(xiàn)，從而造(zao)成了連(lian)環追尾(wěi)事故，緻(zhì)使最前(qián)面的車(chē)破壞嚴(yán)重。水錘(chui)效應就(jiù)是與這(zhè)個類似(sì)。

The water hammer effect is like a rear end collision. The front car suddenly stopped because the rear car was not found in time, resulting in a series of rear end accidents and serious damage to the front car. The water hammer effect is similar to this.

通常(cháng)，在閥門(men)接近關(guan)閉時閉(bì)合元件(jian)突然吸(xi)入閥座(zuo)，稱為溶(róng)缸閉鎖(suǒ)效應。

溶缸(gāng)閉鎖效(xiào)應是由(you)低推力(li)執行機(ji)構所造(zào)成的，該(gāi)執行機(jī)構🍉沒有(yǒu)足夠的(de)推力以(yǐ)保持在(zài)接近閥(fa)座的位(wei)置，導緻(zhi)♋泵的✉️突(tū)然關閉(bì)或閥門(mén)的突然(rán)關閉，從(cong)而産生(sheng)水錘效(xiào)應。對于(yu)控制閥(fa)，在⭐某些(xiē)情況下(xià)，快開型(xing)流量特(tè)性的閥(fá)門也能(néng)導緻水(shuǐ)錘效應(yīng)。

Usually, when the valve is close to closing, the closing element suddenly sucks into the valve seat, which is called the cylinder locking effect.

The locking effect of the dissolving cylinder is caused by the low thrust actuator, which does not have enough thrust to keep close to the valve seat, resulting in the sudden closure of the pump or the sudden closure of the valve, resulting in water hammer effect. For control valves, in some cases, valves with fast opening flow characteristics can also cause water hammer effect.   

雖(suī)然水錘(chui)産生很(hen)大的噪(zào)音，但真(zhen)正的損(sǔn)害是由(yóu)機械失(shi)效造成(cheng)的。因為(wéi)由動能(néng)急劇地(di)變化成(chéng)靜态的(de)管線壓(yā)力，水錘(chuí)會沖破(pò)管線或(huo)損傷管(guǎn)子支架(jia)和損害(hài)管線接(jie)頭。對于(yu)閥門，水(shuǐ)錘能🔞夠(gòu)通過閥(fa)芯産生(shēng)嚴重振(zhèn)動，它👅可(kě)能導緻(zhi)閥芯、墊(niàn)片或填(tian)料的失(shi)效。

Although the water hammer makes a lot of noise, the real damage is caused by mechanical failure. Because of the sharp change from kinetic energy to static pipeline pressure, water hammer will break through the pipeline or damage the pipe support and pipeline joint. For valves, water hammer can produce serious vibration through the valve core, which may lead to the failure of the valve core, gasket or packing.

對于閥(fa)門，防止水(shui)錘的辦(ban)法是防止(zhi)系統任(rèn)何突然(ran)的壓力(li)變化。

For valve,the way to prevent water hammer is to prevent any sudden any pressure changes in the system.  

包括(kuò)放慢閥(fa)門本身(shēn)的關閉(bi)速度或(huo)當閉合(he)元件接(jiē)近閥座(zuò)📧時提供(gòng)較大程(cheng)度的拉(lā)力和剛(gang)性。為防(fang)止壓力(lì)波動，閥(fá)門應以(yi)均勻變(biàn)🏒動的速(su)度進行(hang)關閉。在(zai)某些情(qing)況下，當(dāng)使用快(kuai)開特性(xing)，可以要(yào)求改變(biàn)為等百(bǎi)分比特(te)性。對于(yú)在接近(jìn)閥座時(shi)必須節(jie)流的控(kòng)制閥，應(yīng)當使用(yong)輸出推(tuī)力足夠(gòu)☂️大的執(zhi)行機構(gou)，如活塞(sāi)式氣動(dong)執行機(ji)構🐆或液(ye)壓執行(háng)機構，或(huo)在手動(dong)旋🤟轉的(de)操作器(qi)的行程(chéng)套管上(shang)設置特(tè)殊缺口(kou)，将減少(shao)或防止(zhǐ)溶缸閉(bì)鎖效應(ying)。在管線(xian)系統上(shang)設置某(mou)種類型(xíng)的防波(bō)動措施(shi)也能減(jian)少水錘(chuí)。可使用(yong)壓力洩(xie)放閥或(huo)緩沖桶(tong)完成。此(ci)外⛷️氣體(ti)可被注(zhù)入系統(tong)内✏️，氣體(ti)的注♋入(rù)能減少(shao)流體的(de)密度并(bìng)♻️提供某(mǒu)些壓縮(suo)性以處(chu)理任何(hé)突然的(de)波動。

This includes slowing down the closing speed of the valve itself or providing a greater degree of tension and rigidity when the closing element approaches the valve seat. In order to prevent pressure fluctuation, the valve shall be closed at a uniform change speed. In some cases, when the quick open feature is used, it can be required to change to the equal percentage feature. For the control valve that must be throttled when approaching the valve seat, an actuator with sufficient output thrust, such as piston pneumatic actuator or hydraulic actuator, or a special notch shall be set on the stroke sleeve of the manually rotating operator, which will reduce or prevent the cylinder locking effect. Setting some type of anti fluctuation measures on the pipeline system can also reduce water hammer. This can be done using a pressure relief valve or a buffer drum. In addition, gas can be injected into the system, which can reduce the density of the fluid and provide some compressibility to deal with any sudden fluctuations.

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